Causes of Anxiety Disorders and the Best Treatment Methods - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2015 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Abstract With 20% of Americas population suffering from one anxiety disorder or another each year, these ailments need to be addressed and treated as effectively as possible. Anxiety causes a significant increase in a persons risks for other health issues including substance abuse, heart disease, and more (News in Health, 2016). With such dire statistics, it is immensely important that we take anxiety disorders seriously and utilize the best treatment methods at our disposal whether developed from the cognitive or behavioral perspective. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Causes of Anxiety Disorders and the Best Treatment Methods" essay for you Create order This paper will analyze why these theoretical perspectives are most relevant to anxiety disorders, which has resulted in the most effective treatment methods, and what could lead to the development of such disorders in the first place. According to News in Health (2016), anxiety disorders plague 1 in every 5 people in the United states each year, which is approximately 20% of our population. Such disorders can be incredibly crippling to those who struggle with them and include feelings of uncertainty and apprehension, both of which are severe enough to interfere with day-to-day life. As if thats not enough, anxiety disorders also increase the risk for a multitude of other medical conditions, including but not limited to: heart disease, depression, diabetes, and substance abuse (News in Health, 2016). generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been a huge part of my life since I was about 10 years old, and I feel that it is important to understand what causes it and what the best treatment methods are, especially within the cognitive and behavioral theories. Relevant Theoretical Perspectives Spielman (2017) says the cognitive theory assumes that our thought processes affect the way in which we behave (p. 631). More specifically, it ascertains that anxiety disorders especially panic disorder are acquired through cognitive misinterpretations of anxiety and other symptoms (Spielman, 2017, p. 641). To exemplify the cognitive theory, lets take a look at how it would explain the symptoms of social anxiety. Persons who suffer with this disorder will frequently underestimate how well they can manage social situations, overestimate how vulnerable they are to the threat at hand, consistently expect negative results from social interactions, and thus overestimate how severe the consequences of such outcomes will be. Additionally, the anxious party will typically focus more on the ways in which the other party could be judging them instead of how the interaction is actually unfolding, thus causing them to make their best effort to avoid interacting with others altogether. (Andrew Ku kes Foundation for Social Anxiety [AKFSA], 2018). The facts displayed in this scenario are excellent examples of how our thought processes and emotions, or cognitions, blow things out of proportion and cause unhealthy levels of anxiety in our brains. Spielman says that the behavioral theory, on the other hand, employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors (p. 631). There are a number of learning mechanisms that can lead to various anxiety disorders especially a plenitude of phobias such as classical and operant conditioning (Spielman, 2017, p. 641). An example of classical conditioning in the behavioral theory would be the Little Albert experiment in the 1920s, when John B. Watson exposed a baby to a white rat. The child was not immediately afraid of the rat, but eventually Watson would make a loud noise with a metal bar behind the child. Seeing the rat while hearing the loud noise conditioned the baby to fear the rat as well. Operant conditioning is when a certain behavior is encouraged or discouraged with either rewards or punishments (Jacofsky et al., 2018). Potential Answers One of the most common treatment methods for anxiety disorders is cognitive-behavioral therapy, otherwise known as CBT. The reason for its popularity lies in how effective it is in alleviating the symptoms of anxiety. CBT has two primary elements regardless of which variation is utilized: helping people assess and alter their antagonistic outlooks on life or specific situations and encouraging them to put themselves in situations that they would typically go out of their way to avoid (Jacofsky et al., 2018). This type of therapy is especially helpful when it comes to social anxiety, according to research done over the years, although other treatment methods have also proven to be effective. Cognitive theory believes that counterproductive thoughts often lead to intense, irrational emotions and maladaptive behaviors (Jacofsky et al., 2018). Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck developed two very similar approaches to cognitive therapy; Ellis is known as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT ). His theory was that negative emotions were a result of irrational core beliefs, which is essentially how people feel about the world and themselves at the most simplified level (Jacofsky et al., 2018). Ellis identified what he found to be the three most typical irrational, core beliefs: 1) I must do well and win the approval of others or else I am no good. 2) Everybody should treat me kindly. (3) Life must be fair. He constructed REBT to use a methodical and candid procedure which allows patients to acknowledge, defy, and swap out the original core beliefs, which are irrational, for ones that are more realistic (Jacofsky et al., 2018). While both Ellis and Beck aim to change the way an individual thinks so that they can breed a more positive behavior and overall healthier mental state, Beck focuses more on our core schema, or a central assumption about oneself, others, and the world (Jacofsky et al., 2018). Similarities between Beck and Ellis theories are clear to see, especially after knowing Becks three primary core schemas: 1) The world is a dangerous place. 2) I am unlovable. 3) I am inadequate. Cognitive theory has formed the principle that behavioral change will inherently follow the modification of core beliefs and internal distortions (Jacofsky et al., 2018). From a behavioral perspective, people like B.F. Skinner would encourage methods such as operant conditioning. In his studies, Skinner found that behaviors can be learned and even reversed by controlling the reinforcements and punishments produced in the environment. Such reinforcements, or rewards, can enable anxiety disorders to continue. For example, avoidance and escape (two types of coping techniques for anxiety disorders) can provide the reward of alleviating anxious tension and thoughts, or even preventing it altogether, which allow the anxiety disorder to persist as a result of the positive feelings that often result from such actions (Jacofsky et al., 2018). The behavioral perspective has contrived three common treatments for anxiety disorders: exposure therapy, systemic desensitization, and response prevention. Exposure therapy encourages the patient to have contact with the feared stimulus, either imaginative or in real life. Over time, the person should become desensitized to the stimulus that they once feared so deeply once they manage to separate the neutral stimulus from the fear-inducing stimulus (Jacofsky et al., 2018). Systematic desensitization is another form of exposure therapy which is often much simpler to convince anxiety sufferers to agree to. After being taught relaxation techniques, the affected party would be gradually exposed to whatever it is they are afraid of so as not to overwhelm them. Systemic desensitization allows for the patient to be exposed to their fear in increasingly intense situations until habituation occurs, during which their sensory and behavioral responses to the stimulus dissipate (Jacofsky et al ., 2018). In response prevention, the individual would simply need to abandon coping methods like avoidance and escape (Jacofsky et al., 2018). Where I Stand After considering all this information, it is my belief that the cognitive theory is superior to the behavioral perspective, although they are relatively similar. Behaviorism seems to discredit the significance of internal criteria, i.e. our personal beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, and more, simply because such cognitions are not necessarily observable or measurable (Jacofsky et al., 2018). As someone who struggles with generalized anxiety disorder, cognitive methods of therapy appear to be preferable to those of behaviorism because they aim to confront the reasoning behind my emotions directly instead of forcing me into uncomfortable situations before I truly understand my anxieties enough to face them. I feel that the behavioral theory and its treatment methods can also lead us to view humans as machines that can be manipulated and altered. If everyone used these methods for treatment, it would reduce the dignity of human beings as a whole. Cognitive treatment methods promote a hea lthy mind and understanding of why people with anxiety view situations in the ways that they do. People who are utilizing behavioral theory treatments should be mindful of how their treatments affect them and why the affect them in that way, even if it is helpful in the moment. Ethical Considerations James Madison University (JMU) has presented 8 key ethical questions used to evaluate fairness, outcomes, responsibility, character, liberty, empathy, authority, and rights. The questions of fairness, outcomes, and character are the most easily related to the matter of anxiety. To inquire about the fairness of an action, JMU asks, How can I act equitably and balance legitimate interests? In regard to anxiety disorders, one could ask, What needs to be done if I treat people poorly as a result of my anxiety? and How understanding do others need to be of my disorder? In my personal experiences, I know that I have often treated others unfairly as a result of my frustrations with the constant nerves and emotional exhaustion that goes hand-in-hand with it. Others should absolutely be tolerant and understanding of those with anxiety disorders, but it will eventually reach a point where help needs to be sought out in one way or another, for the benefit of the sufferer as well as those around them. JMUs second key ethical question addresses outcomes: What achieves the best short and long-term outcomes for me and all others? We could use this to elaborate on the previous question and wonder what would happen if someone did get treated for their disorder, as well as how the treatment or lack thereof would impact those around them. In my case, not seeking out medical treatment for my anxiety would have resulted in me continuing to lash out at people when they havent done anything wrong. As a result of treatment, instances such as those are much less frequent, and I experience significantly less tension. Finally, JMU asks, What action best reflects who I am and the person I want to become? As may be evident by now, each question stems off of the last. This question mostly addresses the inquisition of which methods would be most helpful to overcoming anxiety. As previously stated, I think that using cognitive therapy methods to approach anxiety disorders would be the most effective way to treat the symptoms. Conclusion Anxiety disorders can occur for an abundance of reasons, from unintentional conditioning to genetic components in how our cognitions perceive situations. While there is no single best way to treat anxiety disorders, it seems to me that the cognitive perspective has produced the most effective methods over the years, without discrediting the importance of our internal differentia as the behavioral perspective tends to do. The most ethical thing for someone suffering with anxiety to do is seek out treatment; in the long run, it will not only benefit them, but it will also benefit the company that they keep by improving their social relationships. References Andrew Kukes Foundation for Social Anxiety. (2018). The cognitive theory of social anxiety. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from https://akfsa.org/research/the-cognitive-theory-of-social-anxiety/ Jacofsky, M.D., Santos M.T., Khemlani-Patel, S., Neziroglu, F. (2018). Behavioral learning theory and associated therapies. Retrieved November 20, 2018, from https://www.gracepointwellness.org/1-anxiety-disorders/article/38492-behavioral-learning-theory-and-associated-therapies Jacofsky, M.D., Santos M.T., Khemlani-Patel, S., Neziroglu, F. (2018). Cognitive theory and associated therapies. Retrieved November 20, 2018, from https://www.gracepointwellness.org/1-anxiety-disorders/article/38497-cognitive-theory-and-associated-therapies Jacofsky, M.D., Santos M.T., Khemlani-Patel, S., Neziroglu, F. (2018). Operant conditioning. Retrieved November 20, 2018 from https://www.gracepointwellness.org/1-anxiety-disorders/article/38493-operant-conditioning Jacofsky, M.D., Santos M.T., Khemlani-Patel, S., Neziroglu, F. (2018). Operant conditioning and avoidance learning. Retrieved November 20, 2018 from https://www.gracepointwellness.org/1-anxiety-disorders/article/38494-operant-conditioning-and-avoidance-learning Jacofsky, M.D., Santos M.T., Khemlani-Patel, S., Neziroglu, F. (2018). Behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders. Retrieved November 20, 2018 from https://www.gracepointwellness.org/1-anxiety-disorders/article/38496-behavioral-therapies-for-anxiety-disorders News in Health. (2016). Understanding anxiety disorders. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/03/understanding-anxiety-disorders Spielman, Rose M. (2017). Psychology. Houston, TX: OpenStax.

Karl Barths Relational View of Imago Dei Essay - 1880 Words

â€Å"26 Then God said, ‘Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness...27 So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.’† Genesis 1:26a, 1:27 The stories which humans tell about their origins are always cherished and held in high regard. In fact, no culture has existed which has not created or attempted to create some story of origins. Every culture has had some means in which to say this is where we came from. Especially in cultures where religion found itself prevalent, the mythology of origins became not only a status or anthropology but also a theology. In which case, we find that Christianity is not alone in this struggle, though our struggle may be unique in kind.†¦show more content†¦We exercise our freedom not in complete isolation but in continuous interaction with others.† But this sort of identity is not individualistic in nature rather it exists in both equal and mut ual forms between the two sexes of humanity. Barth here chooses to use the language of relationship rather than that of the material. For humans do not own this imago rather they reflect it and instead of the image of God being physically present within. â€Å"For it is not God in us but rather we are in relation to God through imago dei.† We tend elude the discussion of imago dei in the material language, and instead lean towards this discussion with relational language, is for several different reasons. The first being that material terms has unfortunate negative connotations, especially within our own society. â€Å"Men and women are seeking, inquiring, expectant beings.† Humans have a sense of infinite within them, whether they wish to acknowledge it or not. An interesting paradox which has shown up within human behavior is the fact that the more materialistic humans become the less satisfied they truly are. A great example from the history of the church would be Augustine’s famous prayer, â€Å"You have made us toward yourself, and our hearts are restless until they rest in you,† which exemplifies the point. This restless is no better than a parasite which eats its carrier alive from the inside out. â€Å"Humans are radically temporal beings,†Show MoreRelatedWord Of God As Written, Incarnate, And Proclaimed1218 Words   |  5 Pagessimply a collection of personal religious intentions, expressions, and understandings. Barth does not view the written Word as religious views, but as an objective event where Christ is the subject of the revelation. â€Å"Scripture is Holy and the Word of God as by the Holy Spirit it became and will become to the church the witness of God’s revelation.† Barth 2. The Word Proclaimed: The Barthian view of the Word of God proclaimed says that: â€Å"We are unprofitable servants, and in no sense are we to imagineRead MoreImage of God in Man Research Paper4644 Words   |  19 PagesGod in man is a doctrine that is fundamental to understanding the soteriological implications of humanity, which is best understood through the examination of Christ’s humanity with regards to various views held. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1 THE IMAGE ITSELF 1 MAJOR VIEWS TO THE IMAGE OF GOD IN MAN 3 IMPLICATIONS TO THE IMAGE OF GOD IN MAN 5 THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST 8 CHRIST AS THE IMAGE OF GOD 12 CONCLUSION 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Internal Action Of Hamlet Essay Research free essay sample

The Internal Action Of Hamlet Essay, Research Paper The Internal Action of Hamlet Many people have emotional ups and downs, it is human nature, everybody has to travel through a clip of depression and felicity at one point or another. In this drama, Hamlet is traveling through a clip of depression. Many people can associate to Hamlet because everybody has struggles. In this drama Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, much of the action is internal. The struggle in this drama is fought inside of a immature prince named Hamlet. He finds out that his male parent was murdered and he has to make up ones mind within himself whether or non to seek retaliation. Hamlet is ever seting himself down for non taking action before. Many times Hamlet comes out with a monologue that puts himself down. Hamlet has many problems, because he has thought of perpetrating self-destruction. It shows in the drama that many things are trouble oneselfing him, because of his fickle behavior. Many times in this drama, Hamlet portrays his battle internally, that prevents him from moving on his undertakings. Hamlet is fighting inside of himself whether the shade was a good spirit or evil one. Hamlet arguments within himself whether or non to kill Claudius and seek retaliation. Because of his uncertainness Hamlet had the participants put on a drama to catch Claudius reaction. Example of this is when Hamlet says Hamlet: The drama s the thing/Wherein I ll catch the scruples of the King. [ Act II, Scene two, line 616-617 ] Hamlet saw a good chance to run Claudius through when he was squealing his wickednesss. Hamlet decides non to because Claudius was atoning. If he killed him Hamlet would direct him to heaven and would non be damned like Hamlet s male parent. That is another internal battle to detain killing Claudius. Hamlet has thought everything through before he acts. Hamlet makes certain that the things he does will non neglect and that he has to make it compensate the first clip through. Hamlet struggles with the thought of taking his ain life. It is because there are so many things trouble oneselfing Hamlet. Hamlet has to seek retaliation for his dead male parent, but Hamlet has to believe and see every factor before he follows through, because of this defect he puts himself down for non killing Claudius before. Hamlet compares himself to the immature Fortinbras. He says, how come Fortinbras can take an ground forces in to Poland to recover land and he can non kill his stepfather. Both immature princes don Ts have a male parent, how come Fortinbras knows what he wants to make and Hamlet does non. An illustration of Hamlet thought of self-destruction is his monologue. Hamlet: To be, or non to be: that is the inquiry Whether Ti nobler in the head to endure The slings and pointers of hideous luck, Or to take weaponries against a sea of problems, And by opposing stop them. To decease, to sleep- No more-and by a slumber to state we end The grief, and the thousand natural dazes That flesh is heir to! tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To d Internet Explorer, to sleep- To sleep-perchance to dream: ay, there s the hang-up For in that slumber of decease what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this moral spiral, Must give us pause. There s the regard That makes catastrophe of so long life: [ Act III, Scene I, lines 55-69 ] Hamlet has many things on his head. Suicide is one of them. Hamlet sees that Fortinbras has so much aspiration. Hamlet is still fighting on what to make. He feels like he is worthless because he can t follow a undertaking that his male parent wants him to make. Hamlet struggles to maintain saneness throughout the drama. After talking to the shade on the platform Hamlet s behaviour changed. Hamlet s behaviour scared Ophelia when Hamlet went to see her. Hamlet struggles with all of the new that is given to him He was upset when his male parent died. A month subsequently his female parent gets married to his uncle. Hamlet considers this incestuous and unfaithful to his dead male parent. The shade than appears to Hamlet to state him that his male parent was killed by Claudius, because of all these desolations Hamlet s emotions inside of him are excessively much. Hamlet had feelings for Ophelia, but because of all Hamlet s jobs he was truly average to Ophelia, he besides said some hurtful things. Example of this is: Hamlet: Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst 1000 be A breeder of evildoers? I am myself apathetic honest, But yet I could impeach me of such things that it were Better my female parent had non borne me: I am really Proud, revengeful, ambitious, with more discourtesies at My beck than I have ideas to set them in, Imagination to give them form, or clip to move them In. What should such chaps as I do creeping be- tween Earth and heaven? We are complete rogues all ; believe none of us. Travel thy ways to a nunnery Where s your male parent? [ Act III, Scene I, ( lines 121-131 ) Hamlet besides makes some awful remarks to adult females in general. His female parent get marrieding Claudius is truly bothering Hamlet. Hamlet is non merely mad at his female parent. Hamlet is huffy at all adult females. Hamlet s behaviour is fickle, Hamlet vents out all his emotions to his female parent in her room. Hamlet was so unstable that his female parent was scared and yelled for aid. Polonius was in the room besides. He decides to assist by shouting it besides. Hamlet s behaviour leads him into killing an guiltless adult male. The ageless struggled of Hamlet diverts him from his way. Hamlet s struggle brought down many guilty and guiltless people. Hamlet made Ophelia disturbance and made her commit self-destruction. Hamlet was non able to command his emotions doing him to blow up on Ophelia. Many people struggle with depression, but thanks to science more and more people can be cured of depression. Some emotions should neer be bottled up inside a individual. It causes people to let go of it in really hurtful ways. Hamlet wasn T able to cover with his emotions and there forward guiltless people died. 342

A Marketing Plan

Question: Write an essay onA marketing plan. Answer: Introduction: A marketing plan represents a comprehensive blueprint that outlines the process by which an organization promotes and advertises a particular products and services for the future years. It elaborates business activities involved in fulfilling particular marketing objectives within given timeframe. A marketing plan also comprises a description of current marketing position of an organization. Identification of marketing plan depends heavily on the organizational goals and objectives. An appropriate marketing plan considers historical information, strategies and methods for achieving organizational goals and future predictions. However, marketing a museum for enhancing the popularity is somewhat different from the conventional marketing plan. Since, museum comprises with several historical products that have to take care in an appropriate manner. In this report, the focus will be on the marketing plan of Victoria and Albert Museum. The focus museum is one of the most popular museums in UK that induces fare number of visitors from all across the world (Victoria and Albert Museum 2016). The report will contain in-depth analysis of the internal and external factors of the market in order to identify the best possible marketing plan for the museum. External analysis of Victoria and Albert Museum: PESTEL analysis: Political factor Change in the government rules and regulation has induces Victoria and Albert Museum to changes several rules and regulation of the museum. For instance, government regulatory has made free entry for the public that affected the collection level of the museum (Zaniol 2016). Government has also reduces the total amount of funding for the maintenance of the museum that also reduces the amount of money invested in the promotional campaign (Farrelly and Weddell 2016). Spending assessment and imposing boundaries on the spending on the local communities also have affected the businesses of the museum. Economical factor High inflation rate in UK has affected the spending pattern of the people (McNeil 2014). On the other hand, GDP of the country has increases very marginally. Presently, UK is experiencing fluctuation in the economic cycle. Therefore, it creating difficulties for the museum managers to handle finances for the future projects accurately. Individual funding and private sector investment for the museum is on the decrease (Hughes 2014). As a result, museum is facing challenges lot of difficulties to utilize effective promotional campaign. Social factor Museum has to preserve its valuable items for the future enhancement of the popularity. People tastes and choices are continuously changing. Therefore, it is creating challenges for the museum in order to maintain the popularity level among the people. Tourism is a huge business that provides lot of opportunities for museum to harness the popularity. However, museum has to face challenges from the amusement parks and other popular places. Technological factor Utilization of the innovative technology has created huge amount of challenges for the museum. Since, they have to focus more on the social media marketing, website marketing for enhancing the popularity of the museum. It provides opportunities for the museum to get close to many potential visitors. Furthermore, software like USI and business management software, Siruisware sales point software helps VA museum to enhance administrative functions like online booking, even planning etc (Sheridan 2014). Environmental factor VA museum is facing challenges in maintaining proper and clean atmosphere at the museum due to the huge number of visitors (Hogg, Liao and O'Gorman 2014). In order to maintain proper environment at the museum, management have to implement effective waste management so that it cannot able to create negative impact. Legal factor VA museum is facing difficulties in handling the changes in rules and regulation imposing by the government. Changes in legislation rules and regulation have also increases the uncertainty for the managers in developing marketing plan for the museum. Table 1: PESTEL analysis (Source: Thompson 2015) Porter five-force analysis: Rivalry among existing competitors: Rivalry among the existing competitors plays a key role in developing popularity of a particular tourist spot. Now, VA is situated in the heart of London. As a result, it has to face huge amount of competition from different other tourist attractions like Science museum, Serpentine Gallery, National History Museum, Saatchi Gallery, etc. All this spot also creating challenges for the museum to remain popular and attract more tourist to visit the place. Threat of new entrants: Museum represents a strong brand that requires huge amount of investment. It is also very labour intensive. On the other hand, VA is known as the most decorative art and design museum. Furthermore, government also put lot rules and regulations regarding the copyrights and taxes that limit the possibility of new entry in the market. Threat of substitutes: Every museum has to face the threat of getting substitute, which eventually reduce the popularity level in the market. Furthermore, UK has almost 2500 museums as well as other art galleries (Wanhill 2013). Therefore, museum has to face the threat of losing popularity due to the emergence of substitute attractions. Bargaining power of customers: VA museum is one of the most popular places in London that attracts tourist from all part of the world. Therefore, bargaining power of customers remains very low. Furthermore, tourists come to visit the place as a group that reduces the power of individual bargaining. However, government no entrance fee policy has reduces the possibility of bargaining. Bargaining power of suppliers: Museum has to face huge amount of competition to maintain its popularity in the market. However, museums generally struggle to have proper grants and fund to increase the popularity. Now, suppliers are very for the museums. Therefore, they possess high level of bargaining power. Internal analysis of Victoria and Albert museum: 7C analysis: Credibility: VA museum is the most popular art and design museum in UK. As a result, VA museum possess high level of credibility. Furthermore, utilization of the online sources has increases the knowledge of the potential visitors of the museum. It definitely creates positive impact on the business perspectives of the museum. Cost effective: VA museum always focuses on the convenience of the visitors so that they can have the best possible experience at the time of visiting. Therefore, VA museum always focuses on the cost effective pricing structure in order to improve the level f popularity of the museum (Russo 2012). Therefore, promotional campaign of VA museum always focuses on the low cost strategy as well. Customers: As the most decorated art and design museum in UK, VA museum aims to grab the attention of the customers from all across the world. Therefore, promotional campaigns of VA museum do not focus on a particular geographical area. However, museum does utilize direct promotional campaigns so that the popularity level of the domestic customers can be increased. Connections: As per the article by Christensen (2015), retaining the visitors is probably the most important factor that can have huge amount of impact on the popularity level. Thus, VA museum ensures that all the visitors can able to have the best possible atmosphere so that they come back to visit the museum in future as well. VA utilize social and online media for providing information of special functions so that the customers can be influenced to visit the museum for many times. Close: In the present competitive situation, it is important to fulfil all the requirements of each and every individuals. For that reason, many tourists spots have special support team that provide personal guidance that eventually help to get closed with the customers. However, VA museum does not focus too much on a particular individual, as it might reduce the focus of overall objective of the marketing plan. Customer service: Customer service is another important factor that every firm has to consider in order to increase its popularity in the market. VA museum also focuses on this perspective through several techniques so that the visitors can feel satisfied. VA utilize F.A.Q section in the website so that visitors can post any complaints regarding the museum (Camarero, Garrido and San Jos 2016). Furthermore, VA museum also use social media to solve any query of the customers. Cash: One of the major perspectives of VA museum for implementing marketing plan is increase the revenue level. Thus, VA museum focuses on to increase the level of funding provided by the government and private sector. The museum also focuses on to set the pricing structure of different events in such a way so that it can create positive impact on the present level of revenue for the museum. Objectives for Victoria and Albert Museum: The marketing objective of Victoria and Albert Museum are as follows: Specific To enhance brand value and reputation of the museum by providing superior quality of services Measurable To increase the number of visitors by up to 10% this year Attainable To induce more people to visit the museum so that it can increase the collection level of the museum Relevant To boost the financial condition of the Victoria and Albert Museum, as the museum is facing challenges regarding the short of investment from both government and private sector Time based To achieve continues growth in popularity for the time period of 5 years Table 2: SMART objectives of VA museum STP analysis for Victoria and Albert Museum: Segmentation: As mentioned by Shannon (2016) organizations have to understand every aspect of the mark in order to segment it affectively. Marketing plan of VA museum is focusing on the global market. It has to identify the best attraction for the foreign visitors so that they can highlight them on the website and social media platform in order to induce foreign people to visit the museum. However, VA museum also have to utilize demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation technique to enhance the effectiveness (Wan 2015). In case of demographic segmentation, management of VA museum has to consider factors like age, gender, education and income level. The marketing plan of VA museum focuses on the age group of 10-35 years in order to fulfil its marketing objectives (James 2013). In case of psychographic segment, marketing plan of VA museum will have to focus on the factors like social class, lifestyle and personality. As per the article by vom Lehn and Heath (2016), psychographic segmen tation is very important for the organization to identify potential customers from the market. As per the article by Black (2015), analyzing behaviour segmentation is crucial as it allows organizations to enhance the loyalty of the customers. Targeting: According to Grincheva (2015), targeting is nothing but the follow on process of segmentation. In this portion, organizations select a particular portion of the market in order to fulfilling the objective of the marketing plan. In case of VA museum, targeting will have to be primarily on the younger generation of the economy. Furthermore, prime focus of the marketing plan of VA museum will have to be on domestic people (Bryan 2016). Since, majority of the earning will come from these people. However, VA museum also have to induce people from another country to visit the place. Therefore, marketing plan of VA museum will have to implement two separate techniques. Positioning: As mentioned by Wickham, Lehman and French (2015) positioning indicates the final strep of STP analysis that focuses on the way by which customers will eventually view the products or services. VA will have to be extremely conscious about quality of the services provided to the visitors, as it will create direct impact on the brand development process of the museum. The management of the VA museum will have to ensure that the atmosphere of the museum is remain in such a condition so that it can allow visitors to enjoy them to the fullest. The VA museum are focusing on the quality of services to create a specific position for itself in the market. Marketing mix for Victoria and Albert Museum: Product: Victoria and Albert museum has several types of products that can attract people from all across the world to visit the museum. The product collection of VA museum includes educational resources for schools, colleges and universities, products for family activities, temporary exhibitions and special events, etc. Thus, management of VA museum has several products in order to enhance the popularity of the museum. Thus, management of VA museum has to utilize marketing departments, social media and press to develop effective marketing technique for the museum so that people from all across the world get influenced to visit the museum. Price: As per the article by Hooper-Greenhill (2013) price play a key role in developing effective marketing technique. Therefore, management of VA museum will have to utilize pricing structure in such a way so that majority of the people can able to visit the museum without facing any financial troubles. Therefore, marketing plan of VA will have to be created in such a way so that it can induce government and private sector to invest more for the development of the museum. However, government regulation has made entrance to the museum completely free of cost. Therefore, VA will have to impose prices for the exhibitions and other functions to increase the level of income of the museum. In fact, pricing strategy of VA museum also have to include the kind of charges the cafes and other shops are charging at the area of museum. Place: The prime two factors that management of VA museum will have to consider regarding the place of the museum are as follows: The marketing campaign of VA museum will have to highlight the transport convenience from Heathrow Airport for the foreign visitors. It also has to highlight availability of bus and tube to reach to the place of museum (Lewis 2015). Since, transport convenience will definitely help VA museum to enhance the popularity in recent future. Another factor that management of VA museum will have to consider at the time of implementing marketing campaign is highlighting excellent architecture of the museum. Since, it has the capability to induce people from all across the world to visit the museum. Promotion: Promotional techniques of VA museum are as follows: Management of VA can use newspapers, magazines for the utilization of the advertisement tool. Furthermore, it can also include radio so that people can able to understand kind of satisfaction they will receive by visiting the museum. Marketing campaign of VA museum also have to utilize leaflets, posters to encourage people to visit museum. Sales promotion and direct mail is another technique that management of VA museum can utilize to increase the popularity. Social media is another platform that has to be taken into consideration by the management of VA museum to improve the popularity. People: VA museums marketing plan also have to consider people who are related to the popularity of the museum. Therefore, management have to provide proper pay and benefit structure for the employees to ensure they give their best effort for the success of the marketing plan. Management also have to ensure that the culture of the museum remains at highest order so that visitors can able to enjoy to their fullest. Physical environment: Physical environment reflects the space that is surrounded to the visitors at the time of consuming service. Thus, management not only have to focus on the cleanliness or visuals inside the museum but also have to maintain proper atmosphere in the surrounding areas of the museum. Process: Management of VA museum also have to consider the process by which visitors will be allowed to view different sites of the museum. This is crucial, as it can have huge impact on the satisfaction level of the visitors. Thus, utilization of the proper process will allow VA museum to fulfil all its marketing objectives. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be assess that many factors can have huge impact on the effectiveness of the marketing campaign. Therefore, VA management have to extremely careful at the time selecting any marketing plan for the museum. Otherwise, the marketing plan of the VA museum might not able to fulfil all its objectives. Conversely, the above analysis highlighted the fact that if management of VA museum can able to utilize all the factors effectively, it will definitely induce people from all across the world to visit the Victoria and Albert museum. References: Black, G., 2015.Developing Museum Display for Informal Learning(Doctoral dissertation, Nottingham Trent University). Bryan, J., 2016. Making Them Laugh, Making Them Cry: Theatres Role in Challenging History.Challenging History in the Museum: International Perspectives, p.59. Calinao, D.J. and Lin, H.W., 2016. 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